Showing posts with label seals. Show all posts
Showing posts with label seals. Show all posts

Thursday, 8 December 2016

Day Seven: Wednesday 7 December

Real science!

Today was set aside for visiting one of the teams working out in the field this season. Scott Base is the hub for all science activities, but for many of the teams it is the place that they leave from and come back to, and it takes a lot of organisation to get that to happen.

Just as the food and all other supplies for Scott Base have to be carefully planned, ordered and sent down by air or sea – which means you feel guilty leaving even a mouthful of food because you know what it has taken to get it to your plate - so the science teams have to plan in detail what they need and how to get it to Antarctica. And because of the extreme conditions, things don’t always go as smoothly. Equipment breaks down, or doesn’t work the way people thought it would, or lots of other unexpected events can happen – like equipment not arriving on time - to hold up the work, and living and working conditions are often challenging as well.

The team from K001 (each science team or event has a number, even mine – I’m K136) took me out with them on a day trip to the site.There were seven of us, so we took five in a Hagglund and the other two rode on skidoos. They left after us and I tried to get a photo of them zooming past halfway there, but they were too fast!



This team is led by David Prior from the Dept of Geology, University of Otago. They’re trying out a new way of taking ice samples from a hole in the ice shelf, and they’re also hoping to freeze seismometers into the ice shelf to listen for sound waves and ice quakes. This is a test of technologies for a bigger programme in the 2017-2018 summer season, and it’s connected with bigger issues of ice flow towards the ocean, ice shelf collapse and global warming.

We passed the site of our AFT camp and continued across the ice shelf. This is the way to Cape Crozier, which three members of Scott’s team travelled to in the middle of winter to try and collect emperor penguin eggs. One of them, Apsley Cherry-Garrard, wrote about their horrendous trip in a book called The worst journey in the world.

Our hour-long drive was much more straightforward, and even the AFT camp site didn’t look so alarming. In fact I realise now that I spent the first few days feeling completely overwhelmed and intimated by the environment, but I’m proud to say that I went on my first solo walk later today.

The camp is built around tents and linked containers for living, eating and sleeping spaces, with the drill site off to the side. It's all by itself in the middle of the ice shelf, surrounded by vast expanses of unbroken snow, overlooked by Mt Erebus and Mt Terror.



Cosy camp kitchen!

The view from the camp toilet!
The on-site team members welcomed us with cups of tea and even toasted our sandwiches for us (we’d made lunch before leaving Scott Base). They talked about how the project was going and the problems they’d come up against, and gave us a tour of the drill site. 




It was really interesting to see how things don’t always go to plan, or work out perfectly first time, and part of the process is figuring out what to do next. What makes that specially difficult, and often very frustrating, down in Antarctica is that everyone knows what an expensive and time-consuming process it has been to get things to that stage, and they also know that they only have a limited time available when they can be out in the field doing this work.

We got back to Scott Base at about 5pm, and spent a few more minutes de-kitting, getting back into ordinary clothes and putting gear away. At quarter to six, I was supposed to be meeting the American group who were coming over for dinner, including their writer in residence, Maris Wicks. But just before that, I found out that our bag drop for the next day’s flight was at 6.45pm, and I hadn’t even started packing. So I managed a quick chat with the American group, then 15 mins of crazy throw-everything-in packing before hauling all my stuff to the bar for weighing (this means weighing the check in luggage, which is taken away and disappears  and weighing your carry-on luggage and yourself.) Luckily the American group were still finishing dinner so I could join them after that. It’s so nice to have made a link between the US writers and artists programme and our NZ one.

Later that evening, at about 10pm, I went out to the pressure ridges by myself, and everything went fine, even if I did have a bit of trouble working the radio. But Jim who was on the late shift on comms obviously knew it was me calling in, and patiently waited til I got it right! The seals were blobbing out as usual and some of the Scott Base crew were out kite surfing. It was a lovely evening.






Tuesday, 6 December 2016

Still Day Six: Tuesday 6 December

When we went into the labs at McMurdo, Paul bumped into some people he knew and one of them, Caroline, offered to take us downstairs to the wet lab and touch tank, full of sea stars and sea anemones and other graceful, colourful and beautiful sea creatures. Look at these - (this water was freezing, I had to warm up my hands in my gloves afterwards)



We were so late getting back that lunch morphed into afternoon tea, at which I’d arranged to meet Lizzie who was going to show me the work she and the other conservators are doing on the contents of the TAE Hut .More on that hut later! And then Trudie tracked me down to say that Tim Naish, one of the scientists on the hot water drilling project, had some very cool fossils if I wanted to see them – so here they are. Leaf fossils and bits of wood from 15 million years ago, when small beech trees grew in the Dry Valleys.



And the day still wasn’t over, because after dinner at about 8pm, Kat offered to take us out for a walk in the pressure ridges (more on them later!) just in front of Scott Base. So much snow had fallen that Kat took a pole to probe the path between the flags -

 
But we made it round to the spot where you can see the seals – fat black blobs contentedly lolling on the ice.

As as we stood marvelling at the weird and wonderful ice shapes -


 
 
we heard a puffing and snorting and saw the tip of a seal’s nose emerging as it came up through one of the breathing holes. What a magic way to end the day.






Sunday, 2 October 2016

Your questions: Animals and birds

How tall are penguins, what are they like, do they bite, can you pat them? 
There are several different types of penguins. Emperor penguins are the tallest - an adult bird is about 115 cm tall (like the size of a six year old child). You can read more about them (and see some great photos) here. 
A young Emperor penguin came ashore on Peka Peka beach on the Kapiti coast, north of Wellington, in June 2011. Nicknamed Happy Feet, It was taken to the zoo to be cared for because it had eaten so much sand. In September it was released back into the wild in the southern ocean.  
You can read about Happy Feet here (and the zoo vet comments that yellow-eyed and little blue penguins both “bite a lot”, so that answers another part of the question.) 

Can you feed any sea animals?
You have to keep at least 10m away from any wildlife, so you can't go up and feed them. And you wouldn't want to get that close to many of them, anyway!
Also you want to respect wild animals and not treat them as pets or toys. Animals in the wild need to know how to get their own food, without people giving it to them. 

How much does an orca eat usually? Do killer whales swim under the ice?
Killer whales (or orca) often hunt in packs, and they eat fish, squid, penguins and seals. They sometimes go after their prey by pushing up to break the sea ice, or by rushing at an ice floe to flip a penguin into the sea. 
You can read more about these smart and powerful (but rather scary) creatures here. 

Captain Scott recorded an extraordinary story about orca in his diary entry for 5 January 1911, when they had only just reached Antarctica and were still unloading their gear. Herbert Ponting, the expedition's photographer, was standing on the sea ice near two dogs that were tied up near the ship, when some orca poked their snouts above the water. Scott shouted to Ponting in case he wanted to get a photo - "I had heard weird stories of these beasts, but had never associated serious danger with them," he wrote.

"The next moment the whole floe under him and the dogs heaved up and split into fragments. One could hear the 'booming' noise as the whales rose under the ice and struck it with their backs. Whale after whale rose under the ice, setting it rocking fiercely; luckily Ponting kept his feet and was able to fly to security. By an extraordinary chance also, the splits had been made around and between the dogs, so that neither of them fell into the water. Then it was clear that the whales shared our astonishment, for one after another their huge hideous heads shot vertically into the air through the cracks which they had made. As they reared them to a height of 6 or 8 feet it was possible to see their tawny head markings, their small glistening eyes, and their terrible array of teeth--by far the largest and most terrifying in the world. There cannot be a doubt that they looked up to see what had happened to Ponting and the dogs."

Another thing I've found out about orca - some of them swim 5000km from Antarctica to Northland - you can read about their amazing journey here.

Two orca at the ice edge; Photo by David Geddes;
©Antarctica New Zealand Pictorial Collection [1956-1958]

What kind of species are there that live under water?
Lots of unusual sea creatures - sea spiders, ice fish, krill, marine worms, deep sea fish that freeze instantly when brought to the surface - read about them here. 

What is the most common animal?
Penguins are the most common bird. There are lots of seals - according to the Australian Antarctic Division, the crabeater seal is "the most abundant seal species in the southern ocean, and the most numerous of all the world’s larger animals apart from humans".

But the most common animal is maybe one of the smallest - there are millions and millions of krill in the ocean. Here are some incredible facts about krill from the Cool Antarctica site: 
"The krill population of the world has been estimated at outweighing the human population, about half of this population is eaten each year by whales, penguins, seals, fish and pretty much every other Antarctic animal that is larger than them. They are then replaced by reproduction and growth."

Krill; Photo by Malcolm Macfarlane;
©Antarctica New Zealand Pictorial Collection [1989-1990]